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Millimeter wave scattering from ice crystals and their aggregates: Comparing cloud model simulations with X- and Ka-band radar measurements

机译：冰晶体及其聚集体的毫米波散射：将云模型模拟与X波段和Ka波段雷达测量结果进行比较

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Arctic clouds are often mixed-phase, such that the radiative properties of the clouds are a strong function of the relative amounts of cloud liquid and ice. Modeling studies have shown that the poorly understood ice phase processes are the regulators of the liquid water fraction. However, evaluating the fidelity of the model ice parameterizations has proven to be a difficult task. This study evaluates results of different ice microphysics representations in a cloud resolving model (CRM) using cloud radar measurements. An algorithm is presented to generate realistic ice crystals and their aggregates from which radar backscattering cross sections may be calculated using a generalized solution for a cluster of spheres. The aggregate is composed of a collection of ice crystals, each of which is constructed from a cluster of tiny ice spheres. Each aggregate satisfies the constraints set by the component crystal type and the mass-dimensional relationship used in the cloud resolving model, but is free to adjust its aspect ratio. This model for calculating radar backscattering is compared to two spherical and two spheroidal (bulk model) representations for ice hydrometeors. It was found that a refined model for representing the ice hydrometeors, both pristine crystals and their aggregates, is required in order to obtain good comparisons between the CRM calculations and the radar measurements. The addition of the radar-CRM comparisons to CRM-in situ measurements comparisons allowed conclusions about the appropriateness of different CRM ice microphysics parameterizations. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
机译：北极云通常是混合相，因此云的辐射特性是云液体和冰的相对量的强函数。建模研究表明，人们对冰相过程了解得很少，是液态水比例的调节剂。但是，评估模型冰参数化的保真度已被证明是一项艰巨的任务。这项研究使用云雷达测量评估了云解析模型（CRM）中不同冰微物理表示形式的结果。提出了一种算法，用于生成逼真的冰晶及其聚集体，可以使用球体簇的广义解从中计算出雷达的反向散射截面。集合体由一组冰晶组成，每个冰晶都是由一簇微小的冰球构成的。每个聚集体都满足由组分晶体类型和在云解析模型中使用的质量尺寸关系设置的约束，但是可以随意调整其长宽比。将这种用于计算雷达反向散射的模型与冰水流星的两个球形和两个球形（体模型）表示形式进行了比较。已经发现，为了表示CRM计算和雷达测量之间的良好比较，需要一个精炼的模型来表示冰水凝结物，包括原始晶体及其聚集体。将雷达CRM比较结果添加到CRM原位测量结果比较中，可以得出有关不同CRM冰微物理学参数设置是否适当的结论。美国地球物理联盟版权所有2011。

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